Message Signalled Interrupts (MSI) are an alternative in-band method of signalling an interrupt, using special in-band messages to replace traditional out-of-band assertion of dedicated interrupt lines. While more complex to implement in a device, message signalled interrupts have some significant advantages over pin-based out-of-band interrupt signalling.
MSI:
MSI (first defined in PCI 2.2) permits a device to allocate 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32 interrupts. The device is programmed with an address to write to and a 16-bit data word to identify it. The interrupt number is added to the data word to identify the interrupt
MSI-X:
MSI-X (first defined in PCI 3.0) permits a device to allocate up to 2048 interrupts. The single address used by original MSI was found to be restrictive for some architectures. In particular, it made it difficult to target individual interrupts to different processors, which is helpful in some high-speed networking applications. MSI-X allows a larger number of interrupts and gives each one a separate target address and data word.
Reference Link:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/PCI/MSI-HOWTO.txt
Reference Link:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/PCI/MSI-HOWTO.txt
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